(Human Body systems)
Review Games
Key Terms
Digestive System
- Digestion- The process that breaks down food into small molecules so that it can be absorbed by the body.
- Ingestion- The opening of the digestive track, putting food into you mouth.
- Absorption- Once the food has been broken down into small molecules, it can be absorbed by the cells in the small intestine.
- Elimination- The digestive system cannot digest and absorb all the food so some material travel through the large intestine and are eliminated.
- Mouth- Where the digestive system first begins; the teeth and the salivary enzymes help break down the food in the predigestion.
- Teeth- The teeth cut and grind the food so that the body can digest it easier.
- Saliva- The saliva moistens the food so that it is easier to chew and digest.
- Esophagus- The tube that carries the food from the mouth to the stomach.
- Chemical Digestion- The process of using acids and substances to break down food.
- Stomach- The stomach breaks down the food with chemical and mechanical digestion.
- Small Intestine- Takes the nutrients out of the food.
- Large Intestine- Sucks most of the water out of the food.
- Villi- Small finger-like projections that suck the nutrients out of the food in the small intestine.
- Liver- Produces a substance called bile.
- Gallbladder- It stores the bile.
- Bile- A substance used to break down food in the small intestine.
- Peristalsis- The wave-like movement of the esophagus.
- Bolus- The ball-like shape of the food after it has been chewed.
- Chyme- The oatmeal like substance that the stomach produces with the food.
- Feces- The remained food after going through the digestive system.
Excretory System
- Excretion- The process of removing wastes from the human body.
- Urinary System- Gets rid of wastes in the blood.
- Urine- The waste that is removed from the blood by the kidneys.
- Kidneys- Filter the blood and removes wastes.
- Ureters- Tubes that lead from the kidneys to the bladder.
- Bladder- A muscular organ used to hold the urine until deposited.
- Urethra- A tube that carries the urine out of the body.
- Nephrons- Help the kidneys filter the blood.
- Liver- Makes toxic wastes into less toxic urea.
- Skin- It excretes water, salt, and a small amount of urea in sweat.
- Lungs- Release carbon dioxide transported from the blood cells.
- Homeostasis- The balance of elements inside the human body.
- Ammonia- A toxic waste product that is converted into a less toxic waste material.
- Alveoli- Tiny air sacks in the lungs.
- Reabsorption- Takes place in the kidneys; the absorption of elements into the blood.
- Anus- Removes solid waste from the body.
- Metabolism- The sum of the chemical process that takes place in a body.
- Sweat- A waste material that contains a small amount of ammonia.
- Epidermis- The top layer of the skin.
- Dermis- The inner layer of the skin.
Muscular/Skeletal System
- Skeleton- Framework of the body
- Muscle- An organ that contracts and relaxes
- Bone- Help protect the internal organs
- Joint- An organ that moves when the muscle contracts
- Skull- Protects the brain
- Ligament- Keeps the bones together
- Tendons- Muscle bands that keep the skeletal muscle on the bone
- Heart- The cardiac muscle organ
- Cartilage- Keeps the bones from touching each other
- Smooth muscle- located in the intestines, helps digestion and excretion
- Skeletal muscle- located on the bones; help the bones move
- Cardiac muscle- located in the heart
Circulatory/Respiratory System
- Heart- pumps blood to the body, it also receives blood
- Myocardium- A muscle layer that produces contractions use to pump blood.
- Septum- The wall that separates the right side from the left
- Atrium- Receives blood from the body
- Ventricle- Pumps blood to other places
- Right Atrium- Recieves deoygenated blood
- Left Atrium- Receives oxygenated blood
- Left Ventricle- Pumps oxygenated blood the tbody
- Right Ventricle- Pumps deoxygentated blood to the lungs
- Arteries- Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
- Capillaries- Vessels that allow oxygen and nutrients to be diffused into the body
- Veins- Vessels that bring blood back to the heart
- Hairs- Filter the air that is taken in
- Mucus- Moistens the air and catches more particles
- Pharynx- Where the mouth meets your throat
- Larynx- Vocal cords
- Trachea- Wind-pipe
- Bronchi- Two tubes at the end of the trachea
- Bronchioles- Small passages in the lungs
- Alveoli- Tiny air sacs
Nervous System
- Brain- The control point in the nervous system
- Spinal cord- An organ where messages are passed through from the body
- Cerebrum- The largest part of the brain, Intelligence, learning, judgement are located here
- Frontal lobe- Associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem-solving
- Parietal lobe- Associated with orientation, movement, recognition, and perception of stimuli
- Occipital lobe- Associated with visual and image processing
- Temporal lobe- Associated with auditory stimuli, perception, memory, and speech
- Cerebral cortex- The outer layer of the cerebrum, densely packed nerve cell known as gray matter
- White matter- The inside layer of the cerebral cortex
- Limbic system- Related to emotion, memory, and behavior
- Thalamus- Receives messages from sensory receptors
- Hypothalamus- Associated with hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature.
- Cerebellum- Used to for coordination and balance among muscles
- Brain stem- The brain stem controls blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and swallowing
Reflection:
Before this project, I didn't know anything about these systems. I learned that all the systems work together to keep your body functioning. It was really interesting for me to learn how intricately my very own body functioned without me even having to think about it. Also, I did not know most of the terms in the systems like the alveoli, for example, and thanks to this project I know so many key terms in the system. I also didn't know how these worked. I really found this unit interesting especially because I really like science. I enjoyed this project because it provided and even deeper understanding of how the body works and I learned it when making this site. There was nothing I disliked because everything I learned while making this website was really interesting to me.
Before this project, I didn't know anything about these systems. I learned that all the systems work together to keep your body functioning. It was really interesting for me to learn how intricately my very own body functioned without me even having to think about it. Also, I did not know most of the terms in the systems like the alveoli, for example, and thanks to this project I know so many key terms in the system. I also didn't know how these worked. I really found this unit interesting especially because I really like science. I enjoyed this project because it provided and even deeper understanding of how the body works and I learned it when making this site. There was nothing I disliked because everything I learned while making this website was really interesting to me.
Human Body systems. Digital image. Your Body Systems. Ashland Schools, n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.ashlandschools.org/morgan_cottle/body>.
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. "30 Human Body." Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 875-81. Print.
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. "30 Human Body." Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 882-87. Print.
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. "32 Skeletal System." Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 922-29. Print.
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. "33 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems.." Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall,
2000. 948-67. Print.
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. "31 Nervous System." Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 901-03. Print.
<http://www.ashlandschools.org/morgan_cottle/body>.
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. "30 Human Body." Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 875-81. Print.
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. "30 Human Body." Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 882-87. Print.
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. "32 Skeletal System." Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 922-29. Print.
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. "33 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems.." Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall,
2000. 948-67. Print.
Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. "31 Nervous System." Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000. 901-03. Print.